Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Support Learners Just Beyond Their Comfort Zone

Lev Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) describes the sweet spot where learning is most effective—just beyond what a learner can do alone, but achievable with guidance. It emphasizes the importance of scaffolding and social interaction.

Key Concepts

  • Zone of Proximal Development
  • Scaffolding
  • More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)

Why it Matters

It helps educators and trainers provide just the right level of challenge and support—especially valuable in coaching, mentoring, and skill-building.

How to Use it

  • Identify each learner’s ZPD
  • Provide guided practice and support
  • Gradually reduce support as learners gain confidence

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